Both Kong and Mo were dissatisfied with the status quo and wanted to reform it, but the first step was to persuade the human master, and the people who used it to subdue the human master were all "Heaven".
The disciples of Confucius are Confucians, and the disciples of Mozi are chivalrous men. "Confucianism is gentle", of course it is not dangerous. Only heroes are honest, so the Mohist's ultimate goal is "death". Later, the honest ones gradually died away, leaving only the tricksters. The heroes of the Han Dynasty had already given them to princes and dignitaries as gifts for use as talismans in times of crisis.
Sima Qian said: "Confucianism disrupts the law with literature, while chivalry violates the prohibition with martial arts." The combination of "rebellion" and "violation" is definitely not "rebellion", it is just a little trouble, and there are powerful and powerful people like the "Five Marquises".
The word "xia" is gradually disappearing, and robbers have appeared, but they are also chivalrous people. Their banner is "to do justice for heaven". What they opposed were treacherous ministers, not the emperor, and what they robbed were civilians, not generals. When Li Kui was robbing the execution ground, he swung his axe, chopped off all the people in a row, and the people he chopped were the spectators. The book "Water Margin" makes it very clear: Because he did not oppose the emperor, he was recruited as soon as the army arrived and went to fight other bandits for the country - bandits who did not "do justice for heaven". Finally a slave.
After Manchuria entered the customs, China was gradually subdued. Even the "chivalrous" people did not dare to be thief again, did not dare to criticize treacherous ministers, and did not dare to serve the emperor directly, so they followed a good official or imperial minister to serve as his bodyguard and catch thieves for him. This is clearly stated in "Shi Gongan", and there are also "Peng Gongan", "Seven Heroes and Five Righteousness" and so on, which are endless to this day. They were of innocent origins and had no bad deeds before. Although they were under the imperial envoys and were above the common people, they had to obey orders from one side, but they were still free to act arrogantly towards others. As their degree of security increased, so did their servility.
However, thieves will be beaten by officers and soldiers, and thieves will be beaten by bandits. Knights who want to be very safe feel that these are not appropriate, so there are hooligans. He came to beat monks for drinking, he came to catch men and women committing adultery, he came to humiliate prostitutes and smugglers, in order to maintain civility; he came to bully country people who did not understand the charter of the concession, in order to look down on their ignorance; he came to ridicule women with haircuts, and he came to hate social reformers, in order to preserve order. But behind him was a traditional backer, and his opponents were not formidable enemies, so he just wandered through them. Today's novels have not yet written a typical book of this kind, but Zhang Qiugu in "The Nine-Tailed Turtle" thought that he was giving hardship to a prostitute because she wanted to rip off people, so he punished her, which is roughly similar.
If the status quo continues, this group of people will probably become the protagonists in literature and art books. I am waiting for the latest works of the "revolutionary writer" Zhang Ziping.
https://www.kekeshici.com/shicizhoubian/mingrenzuopin/luxun/38034.html
Machine-translated from the Chinese original 流氓的变迁 (published 2020-03-13). WeChat original ↗